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Logic and Information
This Element looks at two projects that relate logic and information: the project of using logic to integrate, manipulate and interpret information and the proect of using the notion of information to provide interpretations of logical systems.The Element defines 'information' in a manner that includes misinformation and disinformation and uses this general concept of information to provide an interpretation of various paraconsistent and relevant logics.It also integrates these logics into contemporary theories of informational updating, probability theory and (rather informally) some ideas from the theory of the complexity of proofs.The Element assumes some prior knowledge of modal logic and its possible world semantics, but all the other necessary background is provided.
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Logic, Information and Agency
A systematic study of information dynamics that extends beyond what is found in standard logic textbooks. Everything we do is driven by information, but the dynamic process of acquiring information and adjusting our views based on it has seldom been put at the center place in logic, and there are few textbooks introducing readers to this line of work.The present book introduces the reader to major logical techniques for studying information dynamics and interaction between agents, based on a variety of intuitive scenarios as well as recent research.Readers will learn styles of modeling, as well as the basic features of the new logical systems emanating from this line of work.All the separate strands in the book are brought together in a comprehensive study of information flow and action in games, forming a logic-based complement to standard perspectives in game theory.
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The Development of Logic
The primary purpose of this book has not been to recount all that past scholars have said about the science, but rather to record the first appearances of those ideas which seem most important in the logic of our own day.
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Mathematical Logic : Exercises and Solutions
This book gathers together a colorful set of problems on classical Mathematical Logic, selected from over 30 years of teaching.The initial chapters start with problems from supporting fields, like set theory (ultrafilter constructions), full-information game theory (strategies), automata, and recursion theory (decidability, Kleene’s theorems).The work then advances toward propositional logic (compactness and completeness, resolution method), followed by first-order logic, including quantifier elimination and the Ehrenfeucht– Fraïssé game; ultraproducts; and examples for axiomatizability and non-axiomatizability.The Arithmetic part covers Robinson’s theory, Peano’s axiom system, and Gödel’s incompleteness theorems.Finally, the book touches universal graphs, tournaments, and the zero-one law in Mathematical Logic. Instructors teaching Mathematical Logic, as well as students who want to understand its concepts and methods, can greatly benefit from this work.The style andtopics have been specially chosen so that readers interested in the mathematical content and methodology could follow the problems and prove the main theorems themselves, including Gödel’s famous completeness and incompleteness theorems.Examples of applications on axiomatizability and decidability of numerous mathematical theories enrich this volume.
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How can one represent contact logic in digital gates?
Contact logic can be represented in digital gates by using a combination of logic gates such as AND, OR, and NOT gates. Contact logic involves the use of switches or contacts to control the flow of signals in a circuit. By using digital gates to represent these contacts, one can create complex logic circuits that can perform various functions based on the input signals. Additionally, multiplexers and demultiplexers can be used to control the flow of data through different paths in the circuit, further enhancing the representation of contact logic in digital gates.
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What is the logic behind this logic puzzle?
The logic behind this logic puzzle is to use deductive reasoning to determine the correct order of the people based on the given clues. By carefully analyzing the relationships and constraints provided in the puzzle, one can eliminate possibilities that do not fit the criteria until the correct solution is found. The challenge lies in making logical connections between the clues and using them to piece together the correct sequence of events or order of items.
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'Feeling or logic?'
Both feeling and logic play important roles in decision-making. While logic helps us analyze information, weigh options, and make rational choices, feelings can provide valuable insights into our values, desires, and emotional responses. Striking a balance between the two can lead to well-rounded decisions that are both informed and emotionally satisfying. Ultimately, the best decisions often come from a combination of both feeling and logic.
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Is logic subjective?
Logic is generally considered to be objective rather than subjective. It is a system of reasoning that follows specific rules and principles to reach valid conclusions. While individuals may have different perspectives or interpretations of a logical argument, the underlying principles of logic remain consistent and independent of personal beliefs or opinions. Therefore, logic is often seen as a universal and objective tool for rational thinking.
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Innovation in Information Technology
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Information Flow : The Logic of Distributed Systems
Information is a central topic in computer science, cognitive science and philosophy.In spite of its importance in the 'information age', there is no consensus on what information is, what makes it possible, and what it means for one medium to carry information about another.Drawing on ideas from mathematics, computer science and philosophy, this book addresses the definition and place of information in society.The authors, observing that information flow is possible only within a connected distribution system, provide a mathematically rigorous, philosophically sound foundation for a science of information.They illustrate their theory by applying it to a wide range of phenomena, from file transfer to DNA, from quantum mechanics to speech act theory.
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Logic of the Digital
Building a foundational understanding of the digital, Logic of the Digital reveals a unique digital ontology.Beginning from formal and technical characteristics, especially the binary code at the core of all digital technologies, Aden Evens traces the pathways along which the digital domain of abstract logic encounters the material, human world.How does a code using only 0s and 1s give rise to the vast range of applications and information that constitutes a great and growing portion of our world?Evens’ analysis shows how any encounter between the actual and the digital must cross an ontological divide, a gap between the productive materiality of the human world and the reductive abstraction of the binary code.Logic of the Digital examines the distortions of this ontological crossing, considering the formal abstraction that persists in exemplary digital technologies and techniques such as the mouse, the Web, the graphical user interface, and the development of software.One crucial motive for this research lies in the paradoxical issue of creativity in relation to digital technologies: the ontology of abstraction leaves little room for the unpredictable or accidental that is essential to creativity, but digital technologies are nevertheless patently creative.Evens inquires into the mechanisms by which the ostensibly sterile binary code can lend itself to such fecund cultural production.Through clarification of the digital’s ontological foundation, Evens points to a significant threat to creativity lurking in the nature of the digital and so generates a basis for an ethics of digital practice.Examining the bits that give the digital its ontology, exploring the potentials and limitations of programming, and using gaming as an ideal test of digital possibility, Logic of the Digital guides future practices and shapes academic research in the digital.
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Logic Analyzer 24MHz Logic Analyzer Device USB Logic Analyzer Device Set Mini Digital Pocket Size 8
Logic Analyzer 24MHz Logic Analyzer Device USB Logic Analyzer Device Set Mini Digital Pocket Size 8
Price: 3.60 £ | Shipping*: 1.99 £
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What is the difference between predicate logic and propositional logic?
Predicate logic allows for the use of variables and quantifiers to express relationships between objects, while propositional logic only deals with simple propositions and their logical connections. In predicate logic, statements can be more complex and can involve the properties of objects, while propositional logic only deals with the truth values of simple propositions. Predicate logic is more expressive and can capture more complex relationships and reasoning than propositional logic.
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Is this a statement about the logic of propositional logic?
Yes, this is a statement about the logic of propositional logic. Propositional logic is a branch of logic that deals with the manipulation of logical statements using logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT. It is used to represent and reason about the truth values of statements.
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What is objectively more difficult: philosophical logic or mathematical logic?
It is difficult to determine which is objectively more difficult between philosophical logic and mathematical logic as it largely depends on an individual's background, skills, and interests. Philosophical logic involves analyzing and evaluating arguments, concepts, and reasoning within the context of philosophical theories and ideas, while mathematical logic focuses on formal systems, symbols, and mathematical structures. Both fields require rigorous thinking and problem-solving, but the difficulty may vary for different people based on their aptitude and familiarity with the subject matter.
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What is the exact difference between class logic and predicate logic?
Class logic is a type of logic that deals with the classification of objects into categories or classes, while predicate logic is a type of logic that deals with relationships between objects using predicates and quantifiers. In class logic, the focus is on defining and organizing classes of objects, while in predicate logic, the focus is on making statements about objects and their properties using predicates and quantifiers. Predicate logic is more expressive and flexible than class logic, as it allows for more complex statements and relationships to be represented.
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